A5 284K A>548=5=89 :>AB59, juncturae ossium. 45;OB =0 425 3@C??K: =5?@5@K2=K5 8 ?@5@K2=K5. 5?@5@K2=>5 A>548=5=85 - D81@>7=>5 A>548=5=85, junctura flbrosa, - B0:>9 284 A>548=5=8O, ?@8 :>B>@>< :>AB8 :0: 1K A@0I5=K <564C A>1>9 ?>A@54AB2>< B>3> 8;8 8=>3> 2840 A>548=8B5;L=>9 B:0=8; 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B @>40 B:0=8, A>548=ONI59 @O4>< ;560I85 :>AB8, =5?@5@K2=K5 A>548=5=8O 45;OB =0:- A>548=5=8O ?>A@54AB2>< ?;>B=>2>;>:=8AB>9 A>548=8B5;L=>9 B:0=8 - A8=45A<>7, 8;8 A>548=8B5;L=>B:0==>5 A>548=5=85, syndesmosis;- A>548=5=85 ?>A@54AB2>< E@OI0 - E@OI52>5 A>548=5=85, junctura cartilaginea, 8=0G5 A8=E>=4@>7, 8;8 A>1AB25==> E@OI52>5 A>548=5=85 :>AB59, synchondrosis;- A>548=5=85 ?>A@54AB2>< :>AB=>9 B:0=8 - A8=>AB>7, sy-nostosis. @5@K2=>5 A>548=5=85 :>AB59, ACAB02 (A8=>280;L=>5 A>548=5=85). articulatio (junctura synovialis), O2;O5BAO ?>4286=K< A>G;5=5=85< 42CE 8;8 =5A:>;L:8E :>AB59 A =0;8G85< <564C =8<8 I5;5284=>9 ACAB02=>9 ?>;>AB8. !CAB02 =07K205BAO ?@>ABK<, articulatio simplex, 5A;8 2 53> >1@07>20=88 CG0AB2CNB 425 :>AB8, 8 A;>6=K<, articulatio composita, 5A;8 CG0AB2CNB 1>;55 42CE :>AB59.  ?>4286=KE A>548=5=8OE @07;8G0NB A;54CNI85 >1@07>20=8O:- ACAB02=K5 ?>25@E=>AB8, facies articulares, MB> B5 ?>25@E=>AB8 :>AB59, :>B>@K<8 :>AB8, CG0AB2CNI85 2 >1@07>20=88 40==>3> ACAB020, A>G;5=ONBAO 4@C3 A 4@C3><;- ACAB02=K5 E@OI8, cartilagines articulares (380;8=>2K9, 8;8 AB5:;>284=K9, E@OI), ?>:@K20NI85 ACAB02=K5 ?>25@E=>AB8;- ACAB02=0O :0?AC;0, capsula articularis, >1@07>20==0O ?;>B=>2>;>:=8AB>9 A>548=8B5;L=>9 B:0=LN, >:@C605B 2 2845 70<:=CB>3> G5E;0 A>G;5=ONI85AO :>=FK :>AB59 8, =5 ?5@5E>4O =0 ACAB02=K5 ?>25@E=>AB8, ?@>4>;605BAO 2 =04:>AB=8FC MB8E :>AB59. !CAB02=0O :0?AC;0 8<55B B>;ABCN =0@C6=CN 2>;>:=8ABCN D81@>7=CN <5<1@0=C, membrana fibrosa, 8 2=CB@5==NN B>=:CN A8=>280;L=CN <5<1@0=C, membrana synovialis, 2K45;ONICN 2 ?>;>ABL ACAB020 >A>1CN :;59:CN, A<07K20NICN ACAB02=K5 ?>25@E=>AB8 :>AB59 A8=>280;L=CN 684:>ABL (A8=>28N), synovia;- ACAB02=0O ?>;>ABL, cavum arliculare, ?@54AB02;O5B A>1>9 I5;5284=>5 ?@>AB@0=AB2> <564C ACAB02=K<8 ?>25@E=>ABO<8 A>G;5=ONI8EAO :>AB59, 70<:=CB>5 A> 2A5E AB>@>= ACAB02=>9 AC<:>9. @><5 >?8A0==KE G5BK@5E >A=>2=KE >1@07>20=89, 8<5NBAO 5I5 B0: =07K205<>30B5;L=K5 >1@07>20=8O.  =8< >B=>AOB: A2O7:8, ligamenta. - MB> ?;>B=K5 ?CG:8 2>;>:=8AB>9 A>548=8B5;L=>9 B:0=8, @0A?>;030NI85AO 2 B>;I5 8;8 ?>25@E D81@>7=>9 <5<1@0=K :0?AC;K, 8=>340 2=CB@8 ?>;>AB8 ACAB020 <564C ACAB02=K<8 ?>25@E=>ABO<8; ?>MB>B>@KE ACAB020E 8<5NBAO ACAB02=K5 48A:8, disci articulares, 8 ACAB02=K5 <5=8A:8, menisci articulares, E@OI52K5 ?;0AB8=:8, 2:;8=820NI85AO <564C ACAB02=K<8 ?>25@E=>ABO<8 :>AB59 8 4>?>;=ONI85 A>>B25BAB285 (:>=3@C5=B=>ABL)ACAB02=KE ?>25@E=>AB59. 07;8G0NB 42865=8O 2 ACAB020E ?> >B=>H5=8N : B@5< 2708<=> ?5@?5=48:C;O@=K< >AO<: 2>:@C3 D@>=B0;L=>9 (3>@87>=B5;L=>9) >A8 - A3810=85 (flexio) 8 @073810=85 (extensio); 2>:@C3 A038BB0;L=>9 >A8 - ?@82545=85 (adductio) 8 >B2545=85 (abductio); 2>:@C3 25@B8:0;L=>9 >A8 - 2@0I0B5;L=>5 42865=85 (rotatio). @0I0B5;L=>5 42865=85 :>=5G=>ABO<8 ?@>872>48BAO :0: :=CB@8 (pronatio), B0: 8 :=0@C68 (supinatio).  H0@>284=KE ACAB020E, :@><5 C:070==KE 42865=89, 2>7<>6=> 5I5 :@C3>2>5 42865=85 (circumductio), ?@8 :>B>@>< 25@H8=0 F5=B@0 2@0I5=8O A>>B25BAB2C5B H0@>284=>?8AK205B >A=>20=85 :>=CA0. !CAB02K, 2 :>B>@KE 42865=85 ?@>8AE>48B 2>:@C3 >4=>9 >A8, =07K20NBAO >4=>>A=K<8; ACAB02K, 2 :>B>@KE 42865=85 ?@>8AE>48B 2>:@C3 42CE >A59, - 42C>A=K<8 8, =0:>=5F, 5ABL 3@C??0 B@5E>A=KE 8 <=>3>>A=KE ACAB02>2, 2 :>B>@KE 2>7<>6=K 42865=8O 2>:@C3 B@5E 8;8 <=>38E >A59. =>3>>A=>>B25BAB2C5B H0@>284=0O ACAB02=0O ?>25@E=>ABL; ACAB02K MB>9 3@C??K

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